HPLC Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol and Chloroform Extracts of Syzygium aromaticum (L.)
Keywords:
Antioxidant activity, Chloroform extract, Ethanol extractAbstract
Background: Pharmacologically different phenolic and phytosterol fractions from clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) buds. A lot of the literature deals with clove chemistry, but no concomitant characterization of both compound classes in Iraqi material has been reported. Objectives: Profile of phenolic and phytosterol constituents of Baghdad-sourced clove by RP-HPLC and comparison of antioxidant activity of ethanol and chloroform extracts by DPPH assay. Methods: Dried buds were separately macerated with ethanol and chloroform (1:4 w/v, 72 h, 25 ± 2 °C) and analyzed on a C18-ODS column (SYKAM; 278 nm phenolics / 220 nm phytosterols). Identity was determined by matching retention time (±0.1 min) with Sigma-Aldrich standards (MSI Level 2; ICH Q2(R2)). Results: The ethanolic extract (6.2% w/w) gave eugenol, ferulic acid, quercetin, rutin, and gallic acid, while the chloroform extract (8.8% w/w) yielded stigmasterol, campesterol, and β-sitosterol only. The ethanolic IC50 was higher than that of ascorbic acid (112.5±4.1 ppm, p<0.01), and the chloroform extract was significantly less active (284.7±9.2 ppm, p<0.001). Conclusions: Ethanol extracts a polyphenol-rich antioxidant fraction; chloroform isolates a therapeutically complementary phytosterol-rich fraction. These results represent the first combined phenolic-phytosterol characterization of Iraqi Syzygium aromaticum.
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